Ma`aref-e Manteqi

Abstract Frege, a mathematician and philosopher of the 19th century, defined analytic philosophy by creating a linguistic turn. In order to solve the contradictions of identity sentences, he proposed the distinction of sense and reference, and in order to solve the shortcomings of Aristotelian logic, he presented the function-identifier structure for sentences. In this way, every proper name, predicate and sentence has a sense and reference, and through the senses, they determine their reference. In this semantic, Frege's attempt is to achieve the correspondence of language with the world with the tools of new logic and objective explanation of knowledge. Although this method of semantic establishes a new attitude in philosophy; But criticisms such as falling into the trap of private language, independence, being ambiguous and how to relate to the realm of sense, Russell's criticism, etc have been introduced to it. In general, it seems that even if it is possible to ignore all the criticisms about this theory, there will be no escape from Wittgenstein's and Russell's criticisms of this theory.