معارف منطقی

In definitions, what being defined is an inseparable consequent from whatever defines, and in the argument, the conclusion is an necessary consequent of the premises of the argument. Without a necessary relationship between previous knowledge and new knowledge, thought cannot be realized. Logicians have spoken less about the existence and nature of necessary consequence, and in discussing the origin of necessary consequence, most of them have referred to causality and corollaries. However, Muslim philosophers, in addition to proposing the necessity directed to something else and its difference from the necessity necessitated by something else, have expressed some points about the nature of necessary consequence and its origin. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the concept of necessary consequence and criticizing and examining the origin of it, we will show that the condition for the realization of logical necessary consequence is the existence of a causal relationship. This means that the necessary consequent depends, whether an existential or conceptual, on whatever it belongs to it, except in the affirmative attributes of the God, the almighty, where, in His essence, no plurality is conceivable. Therefore, there is no causality in that area. Explaining the concept of necessary consequent, its origin, its existence in cases such as conditional propositions, assumptions, and concepts related to divine attributes, both affirmative and negative - while the causal relationship does not exist in these cases - requires a discussion.